Descriptive Text Moon
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The Moon is the only
celestial body on which humans have landed. While the Soviet Union’s
Luna programme was the first to reach the Moon with unmanned spacecraft
in 1959, the United States’ NASA Apollo program achieved the only manned
missions to date, beginning with the first manned lunar orbiting
mission by Apollo 8 in 1968, and six manned lunar landings between 1969
and 1972—the first being Apollo 11. These missions returned over 380 kg
of lunar rocks, which have been used to develop a detailed geological
understanding of the Moon’s origins (it is thought to have formed some
4.5 billion years ago in a giant impact event involving Earth), the
formation of its internal structure, and its subsequent history.
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Moon
The Moon is Earth’s only natural satellite and the fifth largest
satellite in the Solar System. It is the largest natural satellite of a
planet in the Solar System relative to the size of its primary, a
quarter the diameter of Earth and 1?81 its mass (Charon is
proportionally larger in comparison to Pluto, but Pluto has been
reclassified as a dwarf planet). The Moon is the second densest
satellite after Io. It is in synchronous rotation with Earth, always
showing the same face; the near side is marked with dark volcanic maria
among the bright ancient crustal highlands and prominent impact craters.
It is the brightest object in the sky after the Sun, although its
surface is actually very dark, with a similar reflectance to coal. Its
prominence in the sky and its regular cycle of phases have since ancient
times made the Moon an important cultural influence on language,
calendars, art and mythology. The Moon’s gravitational influence
produces the ocean tides and the minute lengthening of the day. The
Moon’s current orbital distance, about thirty times the diameter of the
Earth, causes it to appear almost the same size in the sky as the Sun,
allowing it to cover the Sun nearly precisely in total solar eclipses.
After the Apollo 17 mission in 1972, the
Moon has been visited only by unmanned spacecraft, notably by the final
Soviet Lunokhod rover. Since 2004, Japan, China, India, the United
States, and the European Space Agency have each sent lunar orbiters.
These spacecraft have contributed to confirming the discovery of lunar
water ice in permanently shadowed craters at the poles and bound into
the lunar regolith. Future manned missions to the Moon have been
planned, including government as well as privately funded efforts. The
Moon remains, under the Outer Space Treaty, free to all nations to
explore for peaceful purposes.
Taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon
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