Simple Future Tense In grammar, a future tense (abbreviated FUT) is a verb form that marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future (in an absolute tense system), or to happen subsequent to some other event, whether that is past, present, or future (in a relative tense system) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_future_tense#English) Simple future has two different forms in English; they are will and be going to . Though the two forms are sometimes interchangeable, they frequently express different meanings. Either will or be going to refers to a specific time in the future. Time Signals The time signals usually used in the simple future tense among others are in a year, next …, tomorrow…etc. A. Will The Patterns Affirmative Subject + will + Verb 1 (Verb base) Negative Subject + will + not +Verb 1 (Verb base) Interrogative Will + Subject + Verb 1 (Verb base) The Uses The will form is used to ex

Past Perfect Continuous Tense The Past Perfect Continuous tense , also known as Past Perfect Progressive, is used to talk about actions that began in the past and lasted up until another action in the past. The Past Perfect Continuous is related to the Present Perfect Continuous,yet, the duration does not continue until now, it stops before another action in the past. The Past Perfect Continuous tense emphasizes on the duration or course of an action. The Patterns Affirmative Subject + had + been + V-ing (present participle) Negative Subject + had + not +been + V-ing (present participle) Interrogative Had + Subject +been + V-ing (present participle) Time Signals The time signals used with the Past Perfect Continuous Tense among others are for, since, the whole day, all day, etc. The Uses The Past Perfect Continuous tense is used to express: 1. action taking place before a certain time in the past; We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that some

Past Continuous Tense The Past Continuous tense , also known as past progressive tense, indicates a continuing action, something that was happening, going on, at certain point in the past. The action can be interrupted by another action or can happen at the same time. This tense is generally occurs only with dynamic verb, not the static one. The Patterns The Past Continuous tense is formed with the helping verb of the past be (was, were) and the present participle (verb with an – ing ending). See the following patterns carefully! Affirmative Subject + past be (was, were) + V-ing (the present participle) Negative Subject + past be (was, were) +not + V-ing (the present participle) Interrogative past be (was, were) + Subject + V-ing (the present participle) The proper conjugation of the past be with the subject pronoun Was —————–>> I, He, She, It or the singular or the uncountable noun Were —————>> You, We, They or the plural noun Time Signals

Past Perfect Tense  The Past Perfect Tense is used when we are relating two events which happen in the past, one action occurres before another or an action finishes before another action. The Past Perfect Tense helps to show which event happens first. This tense is also used in reported speech, third conditional sentences, or to show the past dissatisfaction. The Patterns Affirmative Subject+had+V3 (past participle) ——>> I had done …. Negative Subject+had+not +V3 (past participle) ——>> I had not done …. Interrogative Had + Subject +V3 (past participle) —–>> Had you done …?   Time Signal The time signals usually used with the past perfect tense among others are already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day, by, by the time, when…., etc. Note: 1. Just Just is used with the Past Perfect to refer to an event that happens only a short time earlier than now. Examples: She had just finished cooking when I arrived home. The criminal had j

Simple Past Tense  The Simple Past, sometimes called the preterite, is the past tense of Modern English. It is used to describe events in the past. It may combine with either or both of two aspects, the perfect and the progressive. When the simple past is employed in the subjunctive mood, it is called the subjunctive imperfect (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_past_tense) The action which is expressed by this one most used tense is started and finishes at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speakers don’t mention the specific time, but they actually have one specific time in mind. The Patterns The Simple Past uses the past verbs which, with most verbs (the regular verbs), are created simply by adding -ed. However, with some verbs, you need to add -d or change the ending a little. Meanwhile for the past irregular verb you may see them in the verb list. And the following is the pattern of Simple Past Tense: Affirmative Subject + V2 (past verb) —->> I di

Present Perfect Continuous Tense  The Present Perfect Continuous Tense, also known as Present Perfect Progressive, is a tense that is used to describe a situation that starts in the past and may continue up( is still happening)to the present time or may have just finished. Here, we are interested in the action as well as the result which can be seen now. And a precise description of the action’s length of time is usually given. The Patterns Affirmative Subject+have/has + been + V-ing (present participle) —>> I have been doing …. Negative Subject+have/has+not + been + V-ing (present participle) —->> I have not been doing …. Interrogative Have/Has + Subject+ been + Vi-ng (present participle) —->> Have you been doing …? Have ————–>> I, We, You, They Has ————–>> He, She, It Time Signals The time signals usually used in present perfect continuous tense are for, since, recently, lately, the whole day, all day, etc. We use for to talk

Present Continuous Tense  The continuous and progressive aspects (abbreviated CONT and PROG) are grammatical aspects that express incomplete action in progress at a specific time: they are non-habitual, imperfective aspects. It is a verb category with two principal meaning components: (limited) duration and (possible) incompletion. Most languages treat continuous and progressive aspects as alike and use the two terms interchangeably, but there are languages that distinguish them. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_continuous) The Present Continuous which is also known as present progressive is used to tell actions going on at the moment of speaking and for actions taking place only for a short period of time. It is also used to express development and actions arranged for the near future. The present progressive emphasizes on the course or the duration of an action. The Patterns Affirmative Subject+be (am,is,are)+ Verb-ing (present participle) ——>> I am doing ….

Present Perfect Tense  The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect aspect, used to express a past event that has present consequences. The events described by present perfects are not necessarily completed … (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_perfect_tense). The actions happen at an indefinite (unspecified) time or begin in the past and continue to the present. The exact time is not important, therefore the specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in New York, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. can not be used in this tense. Just use unspecific time expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, just, till now, up to now etc. with this tense. The Pattern The present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb have/has with the past participle. Positive Subject +have/has+ Verb3 (past participle) Negati

Simple Present Tense Simple present tense is also called present simple. Simple present is the most basic and common tense in English. It is also an interesting tense since it can express both the present and the future. The Pattern  Positive  1. Subject+Verb1———-> for first singular/plural and second singular/plural pronoun (I,we,you,they) 2. Subject+Verb1(s/es) —–> for third singular pronoun (he, she, it) -s or -es? For third singular person, we need to put s/es after the verb. For most verbs, just add s. However, for some verbs, which end in -s (pass, kiss), sh (wish, wash), ch (watch, catch, teach), z (waltz) and x (mix, fix) you need to add –es so that the verbs become passes, kisses, wishes, washes, watches, catches, teaches, waltzes, mixes and fixes. Meanwhile for verbs end in -y, you must pay attention to the letter before -y. If the letter before -y is a consonant, such as study, fly….you need to change -y into -i then add –es; the verbs then become studies an

Review What is it?  Review text is actually opinion about events or art works. It presents critical analysis on the art work, film, book, song, exhibition, etc. for readers or public audiences. Social Function  The social function certainly goes along with its definition that is to criticize or evaluate an art work or event for a public audience. Generic Structure 1. Orientation It contains the background information on the text. 2. Interpretative Recount In presents the summary of the art work (including the characters and the plot). 3. Evaluation It is the concluding statement about the art work: judgment, opinion or recommendation. 4. Evaluative Summation It is the last opinion which contains the appraisal or punch line of the art work being reviewed. Language Features 1. Focusing on specific participants 2. Using compound and complex sentences 3. Using adjectives/phrases of appraisal e.g.: bad, good, etc . 4. Using metaphorical expressions Text Exam